{VERSION 5 0 "IBM INTEL NT" "5.0" } {USTYLETAB {CSTYLE "Maple Input" -1 0 "Courier" 0 1 255 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 }{CSTYLE "2D Math" -1 2 "Times" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 }{CSTYLE "2D Comment" 2 18 "" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 } {CSTYLE "2D Output" 2 20 "" 0 1 0 0 255 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 } {CSTYLE "LaTeX" -1 32 "" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 }{CSTYLE "" 32 256 "" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 }{PSTYLE "Normal" -1 0 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "Times" 1 12 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 }1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 }{PSTYLE "Warning" -1 7 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "Courier " 1 10 0 0 255 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 }1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 } {PSTYLE "Maple Output" -1 11 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "Times" 1 12 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 }3 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 }{PSTYLE "Maple Plot " -1 13 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "Times" 1 12 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 } 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 }{PSTYLE "Title" -1 18 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "Times" 1 18 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 }3 1 0 0 12 12 1 0 1 0 2 2 19 1 }{PSTYLE "Author" -1 256 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "Times" 1 12 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 }1 1 0 0 8 8 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 }{PSTYLE "Normal" -1 257 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "Times" 1 12 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 }3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 }} {SECT 0 {EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 2 "In" }{TEXT 32 27 "stitution en f\366r matematik, " }{TEXT 256 3 "KTH" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 9 "Mats Boij" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 18 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 9 "Exempel 1" }}{PARA 256 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 75 "Vi ska se p\345 ett linj\344rt system av f\366rsta ordnin gens ODE som ges av X'=AX. " }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 13 "with(linalg):" }}{PARA 7 "" 1 "" {TEXT -1 80 "Warning, the protect ed names norm and trace have been redefined and unprotected\n" }}} {EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 63 "A:=matrix(3,3, [[-2.0,1.0,0. 0],[1.0,-2.0,1.0],[0.0,1.0,-1.0]]);" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6 #>%\"AG-%'matrixG6#7%7%$!#?!\"\"$\"#5F,$\"\"!F07%F-F*F-7%F/F-$!#5F," } }}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 27 "Egenv\344rdena kan f\345s genom " }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 13 "eigenvals(A);" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6%$!+/'zpC$!\"*$!+K \"e\\b\"F%$!+UEi!)>!#5" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 95 "F\366r \+ att diagonalisera matrisen A kan vi anv\344nda kommandot jordan. Basby tesmatrisen l\344ggs i P. " }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 17 "B:=jordan(A,'P');" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#>%\"BG-%'matrixG6#7%7%$!+/'zpC$!\"*\"\"!F-7%F-$!+K\"e\\ b\"F,F-7%F-F-$!+UEi!)>!#5" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 151 "Vi \+ f\345r en fundamentalmatris f\366r det transformerade problemet genom \+ att applicera exponentialfunktionen p\345 diagonalen efter att ha mult iplicerat med t. " }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "> " 0 " " {MPLTEXT 1 0 45 "E:=multiply(map(x->x*exp(x*t),B),inverse(B));" }} {PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#>%\"EG-%'matrixG6#7%7%,$-%$expG6#,$%\" tG$!+/'zpC$!\"*$\"+++++5F2$\"\"!F6F57%F5,$-F,6#,$F/$!+K\"e\\b\"F2F3F57 %F5F5,$-F,6#,$F/$!+UEi!)>!#5F3" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 100 "En fundamentalmatris f\366r det ursprungliga systemet f\345s geno m att multiplicera med basbytesmatrisen. " }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 17 "X:=multiply(P,E);" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#>%\"XG-%'mat rixG6#7%7%,$-%$expG6#,$%\"tG$!+/'zpC$!\"*$\"+]p\"H\\$!#5,$-F,6#,$F/$!+ K\"e\\b\"F2$\"+5'R8V&F5,$-F,6#,$F/$!+UEi!)>F5$\"+IMuv5F57%,$F+$!+%>'fb VF5,$F7$\"+IN<F57%,$F+$\"+mEUQ>F5,$F7$!+&>'fbVF5,$F?$ \"+HN< " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 20 "map(x->diff(x,t),X);" }} {PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#-%'matrixG6#7%7%,$-%$expG6#,$%\"tG$!+/ 'zpC$!\"*$!+5I9M6F0,$-F*6#,$F-$!+K\"e\\b\"F0$!+%p0bW)!#5,$-F*6#,$F-$!+ UEi!)>F;$!+%zT18#!#67%,$F)$\"+,KD99F0,$F4$!+POgePF;,$F=$!+=QGRQFD7%,$F )$!+g)=SH'F;,$F4$\"+B(pFx'F;,$F=$!+@'3vy%FD" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 " " {TEXT -1 23 "och j\344mf\366r detta med AX" }}{PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 14 "multiply(A,X);" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#-%' matrixG6#7%7%,$-%$expG6#,$%\"tG$!+/'zpC$!\"*$!+4I9M6F0,$-F*6#,$F-$!+K \"e\\b\"F0$!+!p0bW)!#5,$-F*6#,$F-$!+UEi!)>F;$!*'>kI@F;7%,$F)$\"++KD99F 0,$F4$!+XOgePF;,$F=$!*p$GRQF;7%,$F)$!+g)=SH'F;,$F4$\"+D(pFx'F;,$F=$!*l 3vy%F;" }}}{EXCHG {PAGEBK }{PARA 18 "" 1 "" {TEXT -1 10 "Exempel 2." } }{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 110 "Vi vill nu f\366rs\366ka med ett st\366 rre system av samma slag. F\366rst skapar vi matrisen A av storlek tio g\345nger tio. " }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 196 "A:=mul tiply(LinearAlgebra[BandMatrix]([[1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0] ,[-2.0,-2.0,-2.0,-2.0,-2.0,-2.0,-2.0,-2.0,-2.0,-1.0],[1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0, 1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0]]),diag(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1));" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 " " {XPPMATH 20 "6#>%\"AG-%'matrixG6#7,7,$!#?!\"\"$\"#5F,$\"\"!F0F/F/F/F /F/F/F/7,F-F*F-F/F/F/F/F/F/F/7,F/F-F*F-F/F/F/F/F/F/7,F/F/F-F*F-F/F/F/F /F/7,F/F/F/F-F*F-F/F/F/F/7,F/F/F/F/F-F*F-F/F/F/7,F/F/F/F/F/F-F*F-F/F/7 ,F/F/F/F/F/F/F-F*F-F/7,F/F/F/F/F/F/F/F-F*F-7,F/F/F/F/F/F/F/F/F-$!#5F, " }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 123 "Vi beh\366ver nu diagonalise ra matrisen A. Detta kan g\366ras med kommandot \"jordan\", och basbyt esmatrisen l\344ggs in i matrisen P." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }{MPLTEXT 1 0 17 "B:=jordan(A,'P');" } }{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#>%\"BG-%'matrixG6#7,7,$!+/'zpC$!\"*\" \"!F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-7,F-$!+K\"e\\b\"F,F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-7,F-F-$!+UEi!)>!# 5F-F-F-F-F-F-F-7,F-F-F-$!+7c96RF,F-F-F-F-F-F-7,F-F-F-F-$!+jD'*Q`F4F-F- F-F-F-7,F-F-F-F-F-$!+bZ$QB#!#6F-F-F-F-7,F-F-F-F-F-F-$!+(=g%\\@F,F-F-F- 7,F-F-F-F-F-F-F-$!+\\?oIFF,F-F-7,F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-$!+\\vZ_OF,F-7,F-F-F- F-F-F-F-F-F-$!\"\"F-" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 222 "F\366r d et diagonala systemet x'=Bx kan vi l\344tt hitta en fundamentalmatris, E, genom att applicera exponentialfunktionen p\345 varje element i B . Vi f\345r d\345 ettor utanf\366r diagonalen, och d\344rf\366r multip licerar vi resultatet med x." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 24 "E:=map(x->x*exp(x*t),B);" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#>%\"EG-%'matrixG6#7,7,,$-%$expG6#,$%\"tG$!+/'zpC$! \"*F0\"\"!F3F3F3F3F3F3F3F37,F3,$-F,6#,$F/$!+K\"e\\b\"F2F9F3F3F3F3F3F3F 3F37,F3F3,$-F,6#,$F/$!+UEi!)>!#5F@F3F3F3F3F3F3F37,F3F3F3,$-F,6#,$F/$!+ 7c96RF2FHF3F3F3F3F3F37,F3F3F3F3,$-F,6#,$F/$!+jD'*Q`FBFOF3F3F3F3F37,F3F 3F3F3F3,$-F,6#,$F/$!+bZ$QB#!#6FVF3F3F3F37,F3F3F3F3F3F3,$-F,6#,$F/$!+(= g%\\@F2FhnF3F3F37,F3F3F3F3F3F3F3,$-F,6#,$F/$!+\\?oIFF2F_oF3F37,F3F3F3F 3F3F3F3F3,$-F,6#,$F/$!+\\vZ_OF2FfoF37,F3F3F3F3F3F3F3F3F3,$-F,6#,$F/$! \"\"F3F]p" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 17 "X:=multiply(P, E):" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 118 "Vi definierar ett h\366ge rled som ges av en puls fr\345n t=0 till t=1. Det \344r bara i f\366rs ta raden som insignalen kommer in. " }}{PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 72 "f:=matrix(10,1,[t*Heaviside(t)*(1-t)*Heaviside(1-t),0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0]);" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#>%\"fG-%'matrixG6#7,7#**%\"t G\"\"\"-%*HeavisideG6#F+F,,&F,F,F+!\"\"F,-F.6#F0F,7#\"\"!F4F4F4F4F4F4F 4F4" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 90 "F\366r att f\345 en partik ul\344rl\366sningen anv\344nder vi variation av parametrar och mulitip licerar " }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 83 "fundamentalmatrisen, X, med integralen av inversen till X g\345nger h\366gerledet f, dvs" }} {PARA 257 "" 0 "" {XPPEDIT 18 0 "X(t)*int(X(t)^(-1)*f(t),t);" "6#*&-% \"XG6#%\"tG\"\"\"-%$intG6$*&)-F%6#F',$F(!\"\"F(-%\"fG6#F'F(F'F(" } {TEXT -1 1 " " }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 26 "F:=multiply(inverse(X),f):" }}{PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 34 "u:=multiply(X,map(x->int(x,t),F)):" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 53 "Vi kan rita upp l\366sningarna i de olika m\344 tpunkterna. 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